I'd never seen one of these before but do always have an eye out for a beautiful and unusual brush and what a great looking thing this one. It is a grain painting brush, also called a "pencil overgrainer"--as one might imagine, this would allow the furniture painter to create five parallel lines in a single stroke, simulating the look of wood grain lines. And a little research shows that these were made in different sizes--this one marked 3. Wood handle, tin wraps, and I believe the bristles are horsehair. Plenty of life left in it should one want to put it to use, but quite beautiful just as an object. Later 19th century I believe.
7 1/2" x 2 7/8" x 3/16", good antique condition, bristles tight and full.